mahatmagandhi: Hemoglobinuria

Friday, 6 July 2012

Hemoglobinuria

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Hemoglobinuria
Classification and external resources
Structure of hemoglobin
ICD-10	R 82.3
ICD-9	283.2, 791.2
DiseasesDB	19635
MeSH	D006456

In medicine, hemoglobinuria or haemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. The condition is often associated with hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby increasing levels of free plasma hemoglobin. The excess hemoglobin is filtered by the kidneys, which release it into the urine, giving urine a red color.

Causes

Acute glomerulonephritis
Burns
Renal cancer
Malaria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Microangiopathies, e.g. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Transfusion reactions
IgM autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Pyelonephritis
Sickle cell anemia
Tuberculosis of the urinary tract
March hemoglobinuria secondary to repetitive impacts on the body, usually the feet
Athletic nephritis secondary to strenuous exercise
Acute lead poisoning

Complications

Hemoglobinuria can lead to acute tubular necrosis which is a common cause of death of multi-traumatic patients recovering in the ICU.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is often made based on the medical history, blood samples, and a urine sample. The absence of urine RBCs and RBC casts microscopically despite a positive dipstick test suggests hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria. The medical term for RBCs in the urine is hematuria.